by Jonathon Hardcastle
Writing essays is an inevitable part of any academic career, whether it be at school, or in later life. Being such a crucial part of the education process, it’s strange that there are very seldom classes or tutorials on how best to write and structure an essay. In this article, we’ll look at some salient points, which should be kept in mind whenever you’re required to write an essay. Including the obvious grammatical and vocabulary requirements, there are certain other factors which are required to produce a good, solid essay. The first place to start is, as always, the introduction. Introductions are essential components of any essay, and should reflect the question being asked primarily, whilst also outlining the intended approach. It is not to simply outline all the points you will subsequently make, but rather to outline the direction in which you will reason towards your conclusions. A good thing to remember in your conclusion is that by providing a rhetorical question, or answering the essay question you have been set, you can effectively round off the introduction and begin your reasoning which will ultimately earn you credit.
Next, you will be required to form the body of your essay. This involves making structured points in support, or against your initial hypothesis set down in your introduction. It’s worthwhile remembering to continually refer to your question set, and through linking sentences at the beginning and end of each paragraph, you should end up answering the question you have set.
Finally, after making the substantive points of your essay, it’s time for the conclusion. The conclusion should not simply round up the points that you have made, but should draw in the conclusions, or inferences that can be drawn from the points you have made. From this, you should reflect your answer to the question, which is the ultimate point of writing the essay.
Essay writing is one of the hardest challenges faced through any academic career, and is a thoroughly resolute test of knowledge and understanding. At the same time, it is also a test of vocabulary and reasoning, and should be thought of as a chance to elaborate on the key skills you have picked up in the course of your learning. By working technically well through your essay, and providing a set structure focused on answering the question, you will ultimately end up with an essay that is well organized towards reaching its goal.
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by Bill Laboon
You’ve decided that Web design is the career for you. You’re ready to jump into the game, but you’re going to need some education on how to design Web sites first. However, with literally hundreds of schools offering courses in every possible permutation - Web site design or graphic design with a focus on Web sites; certificates or full degrees - how do you decide which program meets your needs?
Skills taught in a Web Design program
Web site designers require a vast array of skills, not all of which are (or can be!) taught in the classroom. However, there are certain skills that all Web designers should know. First among these is HTML (HyperText Markup Language) code, which comprises the building blocks of the Web. All Web sites, no matter how fancy or how focused on Flash animation, consist of HTML at their core.
Although most designers now use Web editing programs such as FrontPage or Dreamweaver to design Web sites, in order to understand what is actually happening when the Web site loads, you need to know HTML. For entry-level positions, this markup language can be enough, but for more advanced positions, you should learn one or more other markup languages, such as XML (eXtended Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), as well as one or more scripting languages, such as JavaScript and ActiveX.
You will also need to learn the basics of making a Web site look neat and professional. Although it may seem elementary, there are a wide range of techniques involved in creating a Web site that flows well. A logical site is designed to allow the user to quickly understand the purpose of the Web site, and to easily find the information he or she needs. Although this is obviously more of an art than a science, there are many techniques that help users navigate each page within a site more effectively and quickly. As a Web site designer, you should be fluent in these techniques.
To work on Web sites, you’ll also need to understand the basics of how a computer operates. These technical skills enable you to set up and modify the Web site. Being able to use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) clients to add pages and upload site changes is paramount. So is being able to modify the site contents manually by using text editor software. Some of this software allows you to view changes instantaneously, such as the Real-Time HTML Editor, which is available online. Other text editors are included with your office computer, or can be installed, enabling you to work on site contents outside of a site editing program.
Finally, depending on the specific career path you have in mind, you may need to have other skills. If you are focusing more on the graphic design aspect of Web design, you will need to focus on learning about vector and raster graphics. Raster graphics, comprised of grids of tiny pixels, are dependent on the size and quality of the image - photographs are raster images, for example, and can look blurry or sharp, depending upon image size and resolution. Vector graphics use geographical points and coordinates instead of pixels, and can be resized without losing image quality. Typography, or the art of choosing and using fonts and typefaces, is also important. Page layout, or the skill of combining pictures, text, links, and animated images on a Web site to create a pleasing overall design, is also very important.
If, however, you are more interested in the technical aspects of maintaining a Web site, you will need to focus more on server administration, namely by learning to use Web server software (such as Microsoft IIS or Apache), and understanding how to run log analysis so you can track who visits the site, and how frequently you receive unique visitors. There are other specific domains in the field of Web design, including site optimization, security, usability, and quality assurance. Each sub-specialty in the Web design field requires the knowing the design basics described above, plus additional skills which you can learn in class and on the job.
In summary, these are the type of Web design classes you can look forward to taking:
HTML and other markup/scripting languages
Web site graphics and layout design
Some technical skills necessary to publish a Web site
Other skills related to the specific type of Web design career you want to pursue
How Do I Know This Web Design Program is Right for Me? There are a large variety of Web design programs, which run the gamut from certificate programs to full degrees. These programs are offered at learning institutions ranging from small, private schools to large, public schools - and everything in between. Finding the specific Web or graphic design school that meets your needs from the many available can be a challenge. Here a few questions to ask yourself when deciding upon a course of study in Web design:
Do I want to study online or at a traditional school?
Can I fit a full-time program into my schedule, or should I go part-time?
Do I want a degree program, or a certificate program, which is usually quicker, and can help me get into the field more rapidly?
Am I willing to change my schedule or where I live to learn these new skills?
Am I more interested in the technical end of Web sites, or would I prefer to work on graphic design and page layout?
Does the Web design program I am interested in offer all of the classes needed for the career I want to focus on?
Does the school help graduates with their career planning by offering job or internship placement assistance?
By answering these questions, you are well on your way to figuring out which is the right Web design course for you!
Computer Career Center, with campuses in El Paso, TX and Las Cruces, NM, offers a certification program for graphic and Web design specialists. For details about the Website/Graphic Design Certificate Program, or for more information about how you can fit it into your busy professional life, visit the school’s Web site at www.computercareercenter.com.
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